"What certifications are required for exporting mechanical equipment to Russia?" "How to avoid customs clearance delays?" "What are the payment risks with Russian clients?"—These questions trouble many Chinese manufacturing enterprises. This article will systematically address these frequently asked questions and provide actionable solutions.
I. Preliminary Preparation: Compliance Determines Transaction Success
Compulsory Product Certification
- GOST certification: Russian Basic Safety Certification (Applicable to Machinery Products)
- CU-TR certification(Customs Union Certification): Involving Special Machinery Such as Pressure Vessels and Lifting Equipment
- Fire Safety Certification: For Equipment Containing Electrical Components
Document System Establishment
- Chinese-Russian Bilingual Contract (Must Specify INCOTERMS 2020 Clauses)
- Technical Passport (Including Equipment Parameters and Operation Guide)
- Material Certificate (Especially for Machinery Involving Metal Processing)
II. Customs Declaration Practice: Four Core Documents Are Indispensable
1.Commercial Invoice: Must Include HS Code (Recommended to Confirm Classification with Russian Party in Advance)
2.Packing list: Indicate Gross/Net Weight and Packaging Method (Wooden Case Packaging Requires Fumigation Certificate)
3.?Certificate of Origin?: Priority Application for Generalized System of Preferences Certificate (FORM A)
4.transportation documents:?Ocean shipping?The bill of lading must indicate the "FREIGHT PREPAID" clause.
III. Transportation Solution: Balancing Cost-Effectiveness and Timeliness
| Transportation method | Applicable scenarios | 18 - 22 days | Full - container cold chain |
|---|---|---|---|
| ?China-Europe Railway? | Heavy Machinery Over 10 Tons | 18 - 22 days | ★★★☆☆ |
| International Road Transport | Urgent Small-Batch Orders | 12-15 Days | ★★★★☆ |
| Sea + Land Transport | Oversized Equipment | 35-45 Days | ★★☆☆☆ |
| ?air freight? | High-Precision Instruments | 5-7 Days | Innovative Mode of Pre - customs Clearance at the Port |
Special Reminder: It is recommended to purchase "door-to-door" insurance to cover the risks throughout the entire transportation process.
IV. Customs Clearance Pitfalls Avoidance: Special Requirements of Russian Customs
1.Product Code Verification: Check HS CODE in advance through the Russian Customs official website (customs.gov.ru)
2.Tariff calculation: Average tariff for machinery is about 5-15% (plus 20% VAT)
3.Declared Value Review: Prepare purchase invoices to verify the authenticity of the goods value
4.Common Inspection Reasons:
- Discrepancy between documents and goods (model/weight difference)
- Lack of EAC Mark
- Incomplete translation of technical documents
V. Cross-border?Foreign exchange settlement?: Triple guarantee for fund security
1.Payment Method Selection:
- ?L/C?(LC): Require the Russian bank to issue a SWIFT letter of credit
- Telegraphic Transfer (T/T): Recommend 30% advance payment + balance payment upon receipt of bill of lading copy
- Cross-border RMB settlement (CIPS system)
2.Risk Prevention and Control Measures:
- Insure short-term export credit with China Credit Insurance
- Guaranteed transactions through third-party payment platforms (e.g., Yandex.Money)
- Ship in batches to reduce financial risks
VI. Frequently Asked Questions
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