I. Electrification Challenges in the European and U.S. Automotive Industries

Policy-Driven Growth of Electric Vehicles

These policies have significantly boosted the R&D and market promotion of EVs. Major automakers such as Tesla, Volkswagen, GM, and Ford have increased their investments in the EV sector, launching multiple EV models to meet market demand and policy requirements.

Dual Challenges of Technology and Cost

However, the production and popularization of EVs still face numerous challenges. The first is cost—key components of EVs, particularly batteries, are expensive, significantly increasing the overall vehicle cost. Additionally, on the technical front, despite advancements in battery technology, issues such as insufficient range and inadequate charging infrastructure persist, limiting the rapid adoption of EVs.

Meanwhile, China has rapidly risen in the EV sector, becoming a major global competitor. Data shows that Chinas EV market accounts for over 50% of global EV sales, and Chinas EV exports surpassed Japans for the first time in 2023, making it the worlds largest auto exporter.

Cost Advantages of Chinese Electric Vehicles

Chinese-made EVs have a clear advantage in cost control. BloombergNEF data shows that the volume-weighted average price of Chinese battery packs is $127/kWh, significantly lower than in North America and Europe. This cost advantage, combined with Chinas continuous innovation in battery technology, electric drive systems, and electronic control systems, gives Chinese EVs strong competitiveness in the global market.

Chinese-made electric vehicles have a clear advantage in cost control. BloombergNew energyData from BloombergNEF shows that the volume-weighted average price of Chinese battery packs is $127/kWh, significantly lower than in North America and Europe. This cost advantage, combined with Chinas continuous innovation in battery technology, electric drive systems, and electronic control systems, gives Chinese electric vehicles strong competitiveness in the global market.

Supply Chain Integrity

China has not only made progress in electric vehicle manufacturing, but the integrity of its EV supply chain has also supported the rapid development of its industry. Over 80% of EV battery cells are produced domestically in China, and Chinese manufacturers have extended their supply chains upstream to mineral mining and processing, further consolidating their position in the global EV industry chain.

Although electric vehicles are seen as the future direction, recent moves by European and American automotive giants indicate strategic adjustments in their electrification processes.

Slowdown in European and American Markets

The latest market data shows that EV sales in Europe have begun to slow or even decline in recent months. This suggests the EV market may be nearing saturation, with the early adopter segment willing to pay premium prices largely exhausted, while broader market adoption faces dual bottlenecks of cost and technology.

Strategic Adjustments by European and American Manufacturers

Facing market and technological challenges, along with the strong rise of Chinese competitors, some European and American automakers are reassessing their EV strategies. For example, Tesla canceled its Mexico factory plan, and Apple abandoned its long-developed EV project. Meanwhile, others like Mercedes-Benz and Ford have announced delays to EV sales targets, shifting focus to improving internal combustion engine models or increasing hybrid offerings.